Home

London Shopping

London Highlights

Museums in London

Art in London

London Travel facts

West End Theatre

City of London

History of London


London Areas

Attractions & Sightseeing

Literary London

Site Map

Internet Links

E-Mail

 

Kings - Queens of England
 


Time Line - Monarchs and their reigns

 

NORMANS William the Conqueror
William I The Conqueror
 1066-1087
William II
 1087-1100
Henry I
 1100-1135
Stephen
 1135-1154

PLANTAGENETS
Henry II 
 1154-1189
Richard I Coeur de Lion
 1189-1199
John
 1199-1216 Richard I Coeur de Lion
Henry III 
 1216-1272
Edward I
 1272-1307
Edward II 
 1307-1327
Edward III 
 1327-1377
Richard II 
 1377-1399 (deposed)

LANCASTRIANS
Henry IV
 1399-1413 Henry VI King of England
Henry V 
 1413-1422
Henry VI 
 1422-1461 (deposed)

YORKISTS
Edward IV 
 1461-1483
Edward V 
 1483-1483
Richard III 
 1483-1485
 
TUDORS Henry VIII King of England
Henry VII 
 1485-1509
Henry VIII 
 1509-1547
Edward VI 
 1547-1553
Jane Lady Jane Grey
 1553-1553
Mary I
 1553-1558
Elizabeth I
 1558-1603

STUART Charles I King of England
James I James VI of Scotland
 1603-1625
Charles I 
 1625-1649 (executed)
COMMONWEALTH
 1649-1653
THE PROTECTORATE
Oliver Cromwell
 1653-1658
Richard Cromwell
 1658-1659
STUARTS (restored) Charles II King of Engand
Charles II 
 1660-1685
James II 
 1685-1688 (deposed)
William III (ruled jointly)
 1689-1702
Mary II (ruled jointly)
 1689-1694
Anne 
 1702-1714

HANOVERIANS Queen Victoria
George I 
 1714-1727
George II 
 1727-1760
George III 
 1760-1820
George IV 
 1820-1830
William IV 
 1830-1837
Victoria  
 1837-1901
SAXE-COBURG
Edward VII 
 1901-1910 King Edward VII

WINDSORS
George V 
 1910-1936
Edward VIII later styled Duke of Windsor
 1936-1936 (abdicated)
George VI 
 1936-1952
Elizabeth II 
 1952 - present


DESCENT OF THE ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS FROM EGBERT TO GEORGE V*

1. Egbert (descended from Cerdic, 495), first "King of the English,"
     H                                          828-837
2. Ethelwulf, 837-858
     H
     H=================================================
     H                 H               H              H
3. Ethelbald,   4. Ethelbert,   5. Ethelred I,   6. Alfred,
    858-860         860-866         866-871        871-901
                                                      H
                =======================*===============
                H                     * *
     7. Edward I, 901-925     15. Sweyn, the Dane, 1013
                H                      |
     ==========================         \________
     H          H             H                  \
8.Ethelstan  9. Edmund   10. Edred,         17. Canute,
  925-940     940-946      946-955           1017-1035
                H                                |
     ============                      -------------------------
     H          H                      |         *             |
11. Edwin,  12. Edgar             18. Harold    * *      19. Hardicanute
 955-959     959-975              1035-1040   Richard I    1040-1042
                H                         Duke of Normandy
                H                                    H
    ================*=============                   H==============
    H              * *           H                   H             H
13.Edward II  Elgiva, ? m.  14. Ethelred II, m. (2) Emma     Richard II,
 975-979            H           979-1016             H *       Duke of
             16. Edmund II          =================H* *     Normandy
               (Ironside),          H             Godwin, Earl     H
                1016-1016    20. Edward III,         of Kent       H
                    H           the Confessor,             H       H
           Edgar Atheling,       1042-1066, second   ______H       H
         grandson of Edward II    cousin of William  |     H       H
         [should have succeeded   the Conqueror, m. Edith  H       H
          Harold II (No. 21)]                              H       H
                                                  21. Harold II,   H
-----------------------------                    1066-1066, slain  H
 *  This sign shows that the|                    at Hastings, 1066 H
* * person over whose name  |                                      H
it stands was not in the    |                       Robert, Duke of Normandy
direct line of descent.     |                                      H
-----------------------------   THE NORMAN KINGS   22. William the Conqueror
                                                 1066-1087, second cousin of
                                                Edward the Confessor (No. 20)
                                                   m. Matilda of Flanders,
                                                    a direct descendant of
                                                  Alfred the Great, (No. 6)
                                                              H
                                   ==================================
                                   H                H               H
                          23. William II,   +24. Henry I,         Adela
                             1087-1100        1100-1135             H
                                                    H         25. Stephen
                                               Maud, or         of Blois,
                                             Matilda, m.        1135-1154
                                            (2) Geoffrey
                                             Plantagenet,
                                           Count of Anjou
                                                  H
                    THE HOUSE OF ANJOU   ++Henry II, 1154-1189
                                                  H
                     ===================================
                     H               H                 H
               27. Richard I      Geoffrey       28. John (Lackland),
               (Coeur de Lion),      H             1199-1216
                 1189-1199     Arthur, murdered        H
                                 by John?        29. Henry III,
                                                   1216-1272
                                                       H
       =================================================
30. Edward I, 1272-1307
       H                  -----------------------------------------------
31. Edward II, 1307-1327  | * The heavy lines indicate the Saxon or Early
       H                  |   Norman sovereigns with their successors.
32. Edward III, 1327-1377 | + Henry I (No 24) m. Matilda of Scotland, a
       H                  |   descendant of Edmund II (Ironside) (No 16).
       H                  |++ Henry II m. Eleanor of Aquitaine, the
       H                  |   divorced queen of France, thereby acquiring
       H                  |   large possessions in Southern France.
       H                  -----------------------------------------------
       H
  =============================================================
  H               |                 H                         H
Edward, the  Lionel, Duke     John of Gaunt             Edmund Langley
Black Prince  of Clarence   Duke of Lancaster            Duke of York
  H               |                 H------------------           H
33. Richard    Philippa, m.     HOUSE OF LANCASTER    |           H
II, 1377-1399  Edmund Mortimer   34. Henry IV, 1399- John      Richard,
                  |                 H          1413  Beaufort  Earl of
         ------------------   35. Henry V,          Earl of    Cambridge,
         |                   1413-1422, m.     _*_ _Somerset++ _m. Anne
         |--------------      Catharine of   / * *    |        Mortimer.
         |             |     Valois, who m. (2)Owen John Beau-   (See
  +Edmund Mortimer   Anne          H       /  Tudor  fort, Duke   dotted
                 Mortimer, m. - - -H- - - -     H    of Somer-    line)
                             36. Henry VI,  Edmund    set          H
_______________________     1422-1462, m.    Tudor,   |     Richard, Duke
*Richard II, before he|      Margaret of    Earl of   |   of York, d. 1460
was deposed, had named|        Anjou    Richmond, m. Margaret      H
Roger Mortimer as his |           H          H     Beaufort.   =========
successor, but Roger  |        Edward        H               HOUSE OF YORK
died before the King  |    Prince of Wales   H         37. Edward 39. Rich-
+Edmund Mortimer, son |  m. (?) Anne Neville H         IV, 1461-   ard III,
of Roger Mortimer,    | who later m. Richard H             1483   1483-1485
stood in the order of |                      H              H      m. Anne
succession after Rich-|                      H        ============ Neville**
ard II, but his claim |          HOUSE OF TUDOR       H          H
was not allowed. He   |        40. Henry VII, m. Elizabeth 38. Edward V
died 1424.            |           ++1485-1509     of York   (murdered in
                                       H                    the Tower by
        =================================----------------    Richard III?),
        H                              H                |     1483-1483
41. Henry VIII, 1509-1547,     Margaret Tudor,       Mary, m.
m. (1) Catharine of Aragon, (2)   m. James (Stuart)  Charles Brandon
Anne Boleyn, (3) Jane Seymour,   IV, King of Scoland   Duke of Suffolk
(4) Anne of Cleves, (5) Catharine      H                |
Howard, (6) Catherine Parr       James (Stuart) V     Frances Brandon,
        H                              H           m. Henry Grey, Duke of
        =======================   &Mary Queen of      Suffolk
        H         H           H Scots, beheaded, 1587    |
43. Mary (d.  44. Eliza-  42. Edward   H           Lady Jane Grey
of 1), 1553-1558, beth (d. VI (s. of   H         (m. Lord Dudley),
m. Philip II    of 2), 1558-  3),1558- H           beheaded, 1554
 of Spain         1603         1553    H
                                       H
             HOUSE OF STUART  45. James (Stuart) I
                                   of England
                                    1603-1625
                                       H
          ===============================================
          H                                             H
   46. Charles I,              Elizabeth, m. Frederick, Elector-Palatine
     1625-1649++                                        H
          H                        Sophia, m. the Elector of Hanover
  ===============================                       H
  H                 H           H                 HOUSE OF HANOVER
47. Charles II, 48. James II,  Mary, m. William    51. George, Elector of
 1660-1685       1685-1688      II  of Orange     Hanover, became George I
                    H           H                 of England, 1714-1727
    =======================  49. William III            H
    H           H         H  of Orange, became    52. George II, 1727-
49. Mary, 50. Anne,   James   William III of          1760
m. William 1702-1714 (the Old  England, 1689-           H
III of Or-          Pretender),     1702        Frederick, Prince of Wales
ange, afterward      b. 1688,            (died before coming to the throne)
William III of       d. 1765                            H
   England              |                    53. George III, 1760-1820
              Charles, (the Young                       H
            Pretender), b.1720, d.1788 ===============================
                                       H              H              H
                              54. George IV,  55. William IV,     Edward,
                                1820-1830        1830-1837    Duke of Kent,
_________________________________________________                d. 1820
++Henry VII (called Henry of Richmond and Henry |                    H
of Lancaster): by his marriage with Elizabeth   |            56. Victoria,
of York, the rival claims of the houses of      |              1837-1901
Lancaster and York were settled and the house of|                    H
Tudor began.                                    |           57. Edward VII,
& Mary Queen of Scots stood next in order of    |              1901-1910
succession after Mary (No. 43), provided Henry  |_________           H
VIII's marriage with Catharine, or his marriage with     |  58. George V,
Catharine of Aragon (Mary's mother) was not held to have |     1910-
been dissolved.  The Pope never recognized Henry's       |
divorce from Catharine, or his marriage with Anne Boleyn,|
and therefore supported Mary Queen of Scots in her claim |
to the English crown after Mary's (43) death in 1558.    |
** Richard III (No. 39) married Anne Neville, widow (?)  |
of Edward, Prince of Wales (son of Henry VI), slain at   |
Tewkesbury.                                              |
++ Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-1660              |


See feature Henry VIII and Six Wives

See Buckingham Palace

       St. James's Palace

       Tower of London

        Kensington Palace



Royal Houses
 

London Under The Normans

  • Importance of Westminster confirmed
  • London merchants organised into guilds to protect their interests
  • Huge influx of immigrant workers settled in London
  • Domesday (Book) survey was  ordered by the government in1085

London Under the Plantagenets and Lancastrians

  • System of law with trial by jury established
  • Inns of Court built  between the City of London and Westminster for the training of law students
  • French  remained the language of polite society in London

London Under the Tudors

  • London's  population was around 33.000 at the start of the Tudor Reign
  • Palaces and inns along the Strand link the City of London with the Westminster Court
  • Religious Buildings in London were converted to mansions for favoured courtiers of the King
  • London Bridge was so popular with Londoners that it was heavily congested most of the time
  • London's first ever planning law was proclaimed in 1580 to deal with London's rapidly increasing population

 

 

 

 






|Home| |London Shopping| |London Highlights| |Museums in London| |Art in London| |London Travel facts| |West End Theatre| |City of London| |History of London| |gpage| |London Areas| |Attractions & Sightseeing| |Literary London| |Site Map| |Internet Links|


www.spendtimeinlondon.com