Kings - Queens of England

Time Line - Monarchs and their reigns   NORMANS William I The Conqueror  1066-1087 William II  1087-1100 Henry I  1100-1135 Stephen  1135-1154 PLANTAGENETS Henry II   1154-1189 Richard I Coeur de Lion  1189-1199 John  1199-1216 Henry III   1216-1272 Edward I  1272-1307 Edward II   1307-1327 Edward III   1327-1377 Richard II   1377-1399 (deposed) LANCASTRIANS Henry IV  1399-1413 Henry V   1413-1422 Henry VI   1422-1461 (deposed) YORKISTS Edward IV   1461-1483 Edward V   1483-1483 Richard III   1483-1485   TUDORS Henry VII   1485-1509 Henry VIII   1509-1547 Edward VI   1547-1553 Jane Lady Jane Grey  1553-1553 Mary I  1553-1558 Elizabeth I  1558-1603 STUART James I James VI of Scotland  1603-1625 Charles I   1625-1649 (executed) COMMONWEALTH  1649-1653 THE PROTECTORATE Oliver Cromwell  1653-1658 Richard Cromwell  1658-1659 STUARTS (restored) Charles II   1660-1685 James II   1685-1688 (deposed) William III (ruled jointly)  1689-1702 Mary II (ruled jointly)  1689-1694 Anne   1702-1714 HANOVERIANS George I   1714-1727 George II   1727-1760 George III   1760-1820 George IV   1820-1830 William IV   1830-1837 Victoria    1837-1901 SAXE-COBURG Edward VII   1901-1910 WINDSORS George V   1910-1936 Edward VIII later styled Duke of Windsor  1936-1936 (abdicated) George VI   1936-1952 Elizabeth II   1952 - present DESCENT OF THE ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS FROM EGBERT TO GEORGE V* 1. Egbert (descended from Cerdic, 495), first "King of the English," H 828-837 2. Ethelwulf, 837-858 H H================================================= H H H H 3. Ethelbald, 4. Ethelbert, 5. Ethelred I, 6. Alfred, 858-860 860-866 866-871 871-901 H =======================*=============== H * * 7. Edward I, 901-925 15. Sweyn, the Dane, 1013 H | ========================== \________ H H H \ 8.Ethelstan 9. Edmund 10. Edred, 17. Canute, 925-940 940-946 946-955 1017-1035 H | ============ ------------------------- H H | * | 11. Edwin, 12. Edgar 18. Harold * * 19. Hardicanute 955-959 959-975 1035-1040 Richard I 1040-1042 H Duke of Normandy H H ================*============= H============== H * * H H H 13.Edward II Elgiva, ? m. 14. Ethelred II, m. (2) Emma Richard II, 975-979 H 979-1016 H * Duke of 16. Edmund II =================H* * Normandy (Ironside), H Godwin, Earl H 1016-1016 20. Edward III, of Kent H H the Confessor, H H Edgar Atheling, 1042-1066, second ______H H grandson of Edward II cousin of William | H H [should have succeeded the Conqueror, m. Edith H H Harold II (No. 21)] H H 21. Harold II, H ----------------------------- 1066-1066, slain H * This sign shows that the| at Hastings, 1066 H * * person over whose name | H it stands was not in the | Robert, Duke of Normandy direct line of descent. | H ----------------------------- THE NORMAN KINGS 22. William the Conqueror 1066-1087, second cousin of Edward the Confessor (No. 20) m. Matilda of Flanders, a direct descendant of Alfred the Great, (No. 6) H ================================== H H H 23. William II, +24. Henry I, Adela 1087-1100 1100-1135 H H 25. Stephen Maud, or of Blois, Matilda, m. 1135-1154 (2) Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou H THE HOUSE OF ANJOU ++Henry II, 1154-1189 H =================================== H H H 27. Richard I Geoffrey 28. John (Lackland), (Coeur de Lion), H 1199-1216 1189-1199 Arthur, murdered H by John? 29. Henry III, 1216-1272 H ================================================= 30. Edward I, 1272-1307 H ----------------------------------------------- 31. Edward II, 1307-1327 | * The heavy lines indicate the Saxon or Early H | Norman sovereigns with their successors. 32. Edward III, 1327-1377 | + Henry I (No 24) m. Matilda of Scotland, a H | descendant of Edmund II (Ironside) (No 16). H |++ Henry II m. Eleanor of Aquitaine, the H | divorced queen of France, thereby acquiring H | large possessions in Southern France. H ----------------------------------------------- H ============================================================= H | H H Edward, the Lionel, Duke John of Gaunt Edmund Langley Black Prince of Clarence Duke of Lancaster Duke of York H | H------------------ H 33. Richard Philippa, m. HOUSE OF LANCASTER | H II, 1377-1399 Edmund Mortimer 34. Henry IV, 1399- John Richard, | H 1413 Beaufort Earl of ------------------ 35. Henry V, Earl of Cambridge, | 1413-1422, m. _*_ _Somerset++ _m. Anne |-------------- Catharine of / * * | Mortimer. | | Valois, who m. (2)Owen John Beau- (See +Edmund Mortimer Anne H / Tudor fort, Duke dotted Mortimer, m. - - -H- - - - H of Somer- line) 36. Henry VI, Edmund set H _______________________ 1422-1462, m. Tudor, | Richard, Duke *Richard II, before he| Margaret of Earl of | of York, d. 1460 was deposed, had named| Anjou Richmond, m. Margaret H Roger Mortimer as his | H H Beaufort. ========= successor, but Roger | Edward H HOUSE OF YORK died before the King | Prince of Wales H 37. Edward 39. Rich- +Edmund Mortimer, son | m. (?) Anne Neville H IV, 1461- ard III, of Roger Mortimer, | who later m. Richard H 1483 1483-1485 stood in the order of | H H m. Anne succession after Rich-| H ============ Neville** ard II, but his claim | HOUSE OF TUDOR H H was not allowed. He | 40. Henry VII, m. Elizabeth 38. Edward V died 1424. | ++1485-1509 of York (murdered in H the Tower by =================================---------------- Richard III?), H H | 1483-1483 41. Henry VIII, 1509-1547, Margaret Tudor, Mary, m. m. (1) Catharine of Aragon, (2) m. James (Stuart) Charles Brandon Anne Boleyn, (3) Jane Seymour, IV, King of Scoland Duke of Suffolk (4) Anne of Cleves, (5) Catharine H | Howard, (6) Catherine Parr James (Stuart) V Frances Brandon, H H m. Henry Grey, Duke of ======================= &Mary Queen of Suffolk H H H Scots, beheaded, 1587 | 43. Mary (d. 44. Eliza- 42. Edward H Lady Jane Grey of 1), 1553-1558, beth (d. VI (s. of H (m. Lord Dudley), m. Philip II of 2), 1558- 3),1558- H beheaded, 1554 of Spain 1603 1553 H H HOUSE OF STUART 45. James (Stuart) I of England 1603-1625 H =============================================== H H 46. Charles I, Elizabeth, m. Frederick, Elector-Palatine 1625-1649++ H H Sophia, m. the Elector of Hanover =============================== H H H H HOUSE OF HANOVER 47. Charles II, 48. James II, Mary, m. William 51. George, Elector of 1660-1685 1685-1688 II of Orange Hanover, became George I H H of England, 1714-1727 ======================= 49. William III H H H H of Orange, became 52. George II, 1727- 49. Mary, 50. Anne, James William III of 1760 m. William 1702-1714 (the Old England, 1689- H III of Or- Pretender), 1702 Frederick, Prince of Wales ange, afterward b. 1688, (died before coming to the throne) William III of d. 1765 H England | 53. George III, 1760-1820 Charles, (the Young H Pretender), b.1720, d.1788 =============================== H H H 54. George IV, 55. William IV, Edward, 1820-1830 1830-1837 Duke of Kent, _________________________________________________ d. 1820 ++Henry VII (called Henry of Richmond and Henry | H of Lancaster): by his marriage with Elizabeth | 56. Victoria, of York, the rival claims of the houses of | 1837-1901 Lancaster and York were settled and the house of| H Tudor began. | 57. Edward VII, & Mary Queen of Scots stood next in order of | 1901-1910 succession after Mary (No. 43), provided Henry |_________ H VIII's marriage with Catharine, or his marriage with | 58. George V, Catharine of Aragon (Mary's mother) was not held to have | 1910- been dissolved. The Pope never recognized Henry's | divorce from Catharine, or his marriage with Anne Boleyn,| and therefore supported Mary Queen of Scots in her claim | to the English crown after Mary's (43) death in 1558. | ** Richard III (No. 39) married Anne Neville, widow (?) | of Edward, Prince of Wales (son of Henry VI), slain at | Tewkesbury. | ++ Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-1660 | See feature Henry VIII and Six Wives See Buckingham Palace        St. James's Palace        Tower of London         Kensington Palace

Royal Houses

London Under The Normans Importance of Westminster confirmed London merchants organised into guilds to protect their interests Huge influx of immigrant workers settled in London Domesday (Book) survey was  ordered by the government in1085 London Under the Plantagenets and Lancastrians System of law with trial by jury established Inns of Court built  between the City of London and Westminster for the training of law students French  remained the language of polite society in London London Under the Tudors London's  population was around 33.000 at the start of the Tudor Reign Palaces and inns along the Strand link the City of London with the Westminster Court Religious Buildings in London were converted to mansions for favoured courtiers of the King London Bridge was so popular with Londoners that it was heavily congested most of the time London's first ever planning law was proclaimed in 1580 to deal with London's rapidly increasing population